Coating compositions from soybean oils



Patented May 1, 1951 UNITED PATENT. *iO-FFI CE' j jifj 2.556.703 W": h i

COATING COMPOSHIONS FROM SOYBEAN- I 1. m

Arthur J. Lewisgnelenh. Moser, and John'G.

Cowan, Peoria, 111., assignors to the United States of Americaas represented-by the .Sec- V retary of Agriculture N 0 Drawing. Application June 25, 1948, Serial No. 35,276

4-,Claims. (01. 105-253), "(Granted under the act or March 3, .1883, as

, a nended' April30, 192s; smote. 757) This application is made under the act of March 3, 1883, as amendedibythe act of April. 30,

1928, and the invention herein 'described, if patented in any country, may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of 'the'United States of ,"America for governmental purposes throughout the world .vvithout the payment, to us of anyroyalty thereon.

This inventionfre'l'ates tojprotective coating compositions comprisingsoybean oil as the prim" catalytically, conjugated soybean oil. v Although these metal compounds reduce the residual tack to "a largeextent we have further discovered that in particular calcium. oxide also, improves v the color retentionand durability. Moreover, the

- improved resultswith calciumoxide are not only cipal oil vehicle, and particularly to such'compo-j sitions for use as'exterior paintsthat have im-,

proved drying, color retention and durability. This application is .aicontinuation-inrpart of application Serial No. 674,159, filed. June l, 1946,

now .U. S. Patent No. 2,494,565, dated January 17,.1950. Prior to this invention, attempts have.

been made to, utilize 'soybe'an-oil in paints, be: cause soybeangoil is relatively cheap andis, readil'y available. Prior! compositions have notbeen entirely satisfactory, andfparticularly in the case of. exterior paints, have several importantfdisadvantages One of the main disadvantages or prior soybean oil paints is the tendency of the coatings to remain tacky for long periods of time. This charaeteristic impairs the ,valueoi the coating, espe-., ciallysince dust and dirt adhere tothefsurfaces;

Another" disadvantage which characterizes prior soybean oil paints. lies in .the tendency of the.

coatings to soften andl revert to a fluid or semiliquid condition in environments of higher humidities andtemperatures such as are widely encounteredduringsummer. .When softened thus... the coatings retain imbedded dust anddirt, and 1: their durability is greatly reducedduewto the by internal movestresses and strains produced ments of the films.

According to our prior application previously mentioned, certain metal oxidesandhydroxides are added to coating compositions comprising applicable to alkali or; catalyst conjugated oils, but are also obtainable with compositions com'pris ing normal spybeaaou as .the'principal oil vehicle.

'For the p'u'rposes ofthis application, the term normal soybean oil may be defined as a 'soy-' bean oil from which extraneous matter has been removed by either mechanical or alkali refining methods. 1: The extraneous. matter comprisesphosphatides, g1uc0sides;.polytins, sterols, mucilaginous substances, finely divided meal, and Water. It is, of course, understood thatthe term normal soybean Joli? is in contradistinction to conjugated soybean oil.

In accordance with thepresent invention, we add calcium oxideas apigment component in amounts of from 410 10 percent by weight of the pigment. This small amount of calcium oxide is; not sufficient to cause earlypaintwoatingfailure by cracking and checking. 'I'lnisisincontrastto'" the known effect of zinc oxide, which has been used incoating compositions containing normal soybean oil. Although the..zinc oxide tends to};

- Imanyeventathe calciumoxide does not act amereiinertrpigment.

' In-the. following: examples, 131different coatings; are :selectedrpto 1 .;illustrate the invention. The; formulas used. for: the coating compositions: were:

asfollowsn; a

Table 1.--Formulas for paint, Examples I-XIII 1 1 Oil drier used in each paint was a commercial oil drier, and the amount used was live percent by volume of oil.

The drying qualities of coatings from the compositions of Examples I to. VII, inclusive are illustrated in the following'table.- From f-Iable 2, it is seen that coatings containing 5 to percent calcium oxide, aswell as 25 percent zinc oxide, dry to brush off sand much more rapidly than those containing only lead carbonate. It may be seen further that the drying to the point of droppin an the sand when the painted disk is inverted is much more rapid in the calcium oxide paints; This latter point of drying is of great importance since it is an indication that the coating .has become free from iall traces of residual tack and from all possibilities of's'oftening and aftertacking. J

Table 2.-C'omparative drying of paint, Examples i I-VII, inclusive Days required to dry to drop ofi sand Hours required to Example No. to dry brush ofi'sa'nd Over 120. 1?

Over 70 1 These drying time determinations were carried out at 50 percent rel. humidity and 77 F. temperature by means of a Sanderson dlig'ingis meter on single coatings applied uniformly by brushing to 2 ss cs.

reflectance values of paint coatings from Examples VIII to XIII are shown. The data was ob- 3 tainedas in Table 3.

Referring again to Table 3, it will be noted that 16 and 26 months of outdoor exposure tests at south cause the lead carbonate and lead carbonate-zinc oxide coatings to drop considerably in reflectance values from their normal. Those coatings containing lead carbonate and calcium oxide (Examplesll to VI) are considerably improved in reflectance properties. It should be noted that the gain in reflectance by the all-lead carbonate coating (Example I) after 26 months of exposure over the 16-month value is due to the normal self-cleaning by chalking that has taken place. Nevertheless, the reflectance of the coating from Example 11 is considerably greater.

Referring to Table 4, it is to be noted that calcium oxide improves the reflectance values, as

well as the non-yellowing qualities of the coatings made from Examples X and XI compared with Examples VIII, IX, XII and XIII which contain comparable. oil vehicles. Cryptone M. S. 130, the pigment employed in these particular examples, is a proprietary name for a mixture of approximately percent micaceous magnesium silicate and 50 percent zinc sulfide.

Table 3.-C'omparative reflectance values of paint, Eaamples I-VII, inclusive After 16 mos. exposure at 45 South After 26 mos. expo- Example Number sure at 45 South 00000000 e000 encaqa: c00 2 w qq \IQM romance qroco ass voa Table 4I.-C'0mpd7lliii)e reflectance calves and" yellowing of paint, Examples VIII-XIII, inclusive "Table 6,,-C'omnarative yellowing-of other paints containing mechanically refined soybean oil Reflectance fifigg g gg vgliues after visibllie cfglor ou oor'expono e a er Example'Nl-lmber ggfi fi i sure for a storage in dark 7 Week week at 45 for two weeks South 63 62 Light ivory. 66 k 64 I Light cream. 72 72 hite. 78 74 o. 70 66 Medium cream. 70 69 Light cream.

In Table 5 are tabulated comparative reflectance readings for lead pigment paints containing calcium oxide in which catalytic conjugated soybean'oil, normal non-break soybean oil and raw linseed oil may be compared. It will be noted that the soybean oils inthis formulation compare favorably and in some instances are actually superior to linseed oil. In addition, Table 5 ilustrates an all-lead carbonate paint with the three different oils. The effect of the calcium oxide inthe soybean oil compositions is apparent.

Vis'iblie cfzlor no e a or 5 Pigment components of paints Storage in dark for two weeks 100 percent basic carbonate white lead Medium yellow. 95 percent baslc carbonate white lead, 5 percent White.

alcium oxide. 10 95 percent basic carbonate white lead, 5 percent Light cream.

strontlum oxide. 95 percent basic carbonate white lead, 5 percent Medium yellow.

calclum carbonate. 95 percent basic carbonate white lead, 5 percent Do.

calcium phosphate. 95 percent basic carbonate white lead, 5 percent Do. 15 calcmm oxalate.

95 percent bas1c carbonate white lead, 5 percent Do.

mmeralite. 95 percent basic carbonate white lead, 5 percent Do.

asbestme. 100 percent Titanox B-30 Medium cream 95 percent Titanox 3-30, 5 percent calcium oxidev White. 20. 95 percent Titanox 13-30, 5 percent asbestineulh, Deep cream.

Titanox 3-30 is a proprietary composition comprising about 30 percent titanium dioxide 25 and about '70 percent barium sulfate.

Table, 5.Comparative reflectance readings from white point films Column A average of five readings taken before outdoor exposure of films; film air-dried for 96 hours.

Column B-average of five readings taken after outdoor exposure of films for nine days.

Column Caverage of five readings taken after outdoor exposure of films for three months and six days.

Thefollowing table shows the results of comparative yellowing in various coating compositions containing mechanically refined soybean oil as the principal oil vehicle. Itwill be noted that of the various oxides used as addition pigments only calcium oxide produced a substantially non-yellowing coating. The tests consisted of storing the several coatings in the dark for a period of two weeks.

In Tables '7, 8, and 9, the comparative durability of coatings made from the compositions of ExamplesI to XIII are tabulated. The results of Table 7 were obtained in a National Carbon Company IHA Machine which is designed to produce accelerated weathering conditions. The The term "BCWL refers to basic carbonate 'white lead.

Table 7.Comnaratioe durability determined by accelerated weathering Exposure hours Paints tested Example I Coating OK Coating. 0K Coating beginning to Coating has eroded Coating has continued and white; and white. erode by chalking. considerably. erosign and begun Y crac mg.

Example II (95% BCWL and .do Coating OK and Coating OK and Coating OK and white. lim white. white. Example III (90% BCWL and do do u, Coating has begun Coating has checked lime). 1 checking and crackand cracked moding on surface. erately on surface. Example IV (85% BCWL and do do do. do Coating has begun lime). I checking-and cracked moderately on surce. Example v (80% BCWLand fl do .4 Coating has checked Coating has checked Coating has begun to' lime) moderately on surand cracked consiclscale from wood.

face. erably on surface. ExampleVI (75% BCWL and Coating .has be-. do do Coating has scaled con- ,25% lime). g i gun to check. I siderably from wood. Example VII (75% BOWL GoatingOK but Coating QKbut Coating beginning to Coating has checked Coating has checked -and% zinc oxide).;. J color 'is light color is light surface check. considerably on surand cracked badly I} s i gray. yellow-gray. r face. i with many deep, cracs.

Paints tested Exposure hours Example I Example II (95% BOWL and lime) Example In 9'0% BCWL and 10% lime) Example IV 35% BCWL and lime) Example v (80% BCWL and lime Example VI 73% BCWL and lime) Example VII (75% BCWL and 25% zinc oxide).

scale from wood.

from wood.

areas.

Coating has eroded so badly that wood is al-- most entirely bare.

Coating beginning to Coating has scaled considerably from wood. Coating has scaled badly Coating has begun to scale from wood in few Out of st Coating should have been erode by chalking. erately.

Coating has eroded mod- Coating has eroded conerately. siderably.

Coating has begun to Coating has scaled from wood moderately.

from wood.

badly from wood.

Coating has eroded mod- Coating has scaled badly Coating has scaled very Out of test.

Coating has eroded considerably. No cracking.

Coating has scaled from wood considerably.

Coating has scaled very badly from wood.

Coating has scaled very badly ironi wood and is very fragile.

Coating has eroded badly.

exposure. Coating is in excellent conditionior repainting. Coating is'in fair condition for repainting. Coating isnot in condition for repainting.

Coating was not in condi-i tion for repainting at. 1,250 hrs. exposure.

Table 8.Compmiatioe durability and dirt metention (outdoor weathering at south) Length of exposure in months Paints tested Example I (All Coating 0K. Con- Coating OK. N 0 change No change Coating has checked Coating has retained BOWL). siderable dirt re- Heavy dirt onsurfacemoderateconsiderable dirt tention. Light retention. ly in very fine which cannot be regray color. Medium checks. Gray color. removed by vigorous gray color. washing, hence only fair for repainting.

Example II (95% Coating 0K. Clean. No change-- ..do N o change.Best Coating has checked Coating superior to B C W L 5 White. in general aponsuriace moderateabove in that the lime). pearance. ly in very fine checks are on surchecks. White and face only and it is clean. clean. Excellent for repainting. A

ExampleIII (90% ...-.do do Coating check- No change Coating has checked Coating was fairfor re- B O WL+1 0% ing considand cracked badly, painting at end of 16- lime). erably on some deep. Light months exposure.

surface. gray color. I

Example IV (85% Coating OK. Light .do do do Coating has cracked Coating Was very poor B C W L +15% dirt retention. and scaled from for repainting at end lime). White. wood very badly. of lfimos. exposure.

Example V (80% ..do ..do .do do Coating has cracked Coating was worthless. B C W +20% and scaled from for repainting at end lime). wood almost comof 16 mos. exposure.

pletely.

Example VI (75% Coating OK. Mod- ..do do do do Do.

B CWL+25% erate dirt retenlim tion. White.

Example VII Coating 0K. Mod- .do Coating be- Coating has Coating has alliga- Coating is in poor con- (75% BCWL+ erate dirt retenginning to cracked badly tored very badly dition ior repainting 25% zinc oxide). tion. Light gray check and in irregular and is dark gray in due to deep alligator color. crack. pattern. color. checks.

mime 9 Gomparat1.ve dumbtlzty and dirt retentzon (outdoor weathering at 45 south) 7 Length of exposure Paints tested 3 days 8 months 1 year 18 months Example VIII... Coating OK. Considerable Coating has cracked con- Coating has cracked con- On repainting, the deep tiirt retention. 011 white siderably on the surface. siderablythrough to wood. cracks show through badly.

o ray. 1

Example IX Goat ngoK. Considerable do do Do.

dirt retention. Ofi white to light gray.

Example X Coating OK. No dirt re- Coating OK. (No checking Coating OK. (No checking The coating has repainted tention. White. or cracking.) or cracking.) excellently due to the absence of cracking and a 7 moderate erosion.

Example XI ..do .do fin 0.

Example XII Coating OK. Considerable Coating has cracked con- Coating has cracked con- On repainting, the deep dlllt retention. Light gray siderably on the surface. siderablythrough towood. cracks show through badly. co or.

Example XIII...-. Coating 0K. Considerable do. do Do.

- In the above Tables 8 and 9, the results of outdoor weathering are tabulated. The exposure was made at 45 in order to give maximum dirt retention and faster film breakdown.

The three tables immediately above demonstrate the ability of the coating compositions of this invention to produce durable coatings. The durability illustrated by the decreased chalking, checking, and cracking, and. by the very imdirt retention. Very light gray color.

repainted after 800 hrs.

soybean oil as the oil vehicle. a The data was ob tainedasin Table 7. Table 11 shows the efiects of-outdoor Weathering on the same threecoatings. Itwill be noted that those containing 5 and percent calcium oxide withstood both tests satisfactorily, and at the conclusion were in excellent condition for repainting, whereas those containing no calcium oxide-failed early inthetests. i r C In addition, exposures-of the same paints at 90 exposure, north and south, for months have shown comparable results, i. e., the refined soybean oil paint containing calcium oxide had superior durability to and retained less dirt than the refined soybean oil paint containing no calcium oxide.

Weclaim:

1. A paint composition consisting essentially of normal soybean oilas the principal oil vehicle, calcium oxide, basic carbonate of white lead; and a drier, the calcium. oxide being present in an amount within the range of 4 to 10 percent of the-total weight of calcium oxide and basic carbonate of white leadjthe ratio or said total weight to weight of oil vehicle being about 3:1. I

2. A paint composition consisting essentially of normal soybean oil as the principal oil vehicle, calcium oxide, a pigment other than calcium oxide, and a drier, the calcium oxide being present in an amount within the range of 4 to 10 percent of the total Weight of the calcium oxide and the other pigment, the ratio of said total Table 10.Oommamtioe durability determined by wccelecarted weathering Exposure hours Paints tested Catalytically refined soybean Coating OKand Coating beginning Coating has checked Coating has flaked ofi Coating has flaked ofl oil and basic carbonate lead. white. checking and and cracked conto bare wood modexposing considercracking. siderablyonsurface. erately. able wood.

Catalytlcally refined soybean do Coating 0K and Coating OK and Coating beginning to Coating chalking modoil and 95% basic carbonate white. white. chalk. erately. lead with 5% calcium oxide.

Catalytically refined soybean .do do do do Coating chalking conoil and 90% basic carbonate siderably. lead with 10% calcium oxide.

. Exposure hours Paints tested Catalytically refined soy- Coating has flaked otf Out of test Coating should have been bean oil and basic carbadly. Half of wood repainted before 800 bonate lead. panel bare. hours.

Catalytically refined soy- Coating unchanged Coating has eroded Coating unchanged. No Coating isinexcellent conbean oil and 95% basic slightly. cracking. dition for repainting. carbonate lead with 5% calcium oxide.

Catalytically refined soydo Coating has eroded moddo Do.

bean oil and 90% basic carbonate lead with 10% calcium oxide.

Table 11.Oommaratioe durability and dirt neten tion (outdoor weathering at south) Length of exposure in months Paints tested .Catalytically refined Coating OK. Very Coatinghas begun Nojchange. Coating has large N 0 change Coating is not suitsoybean oil. Basic heavy dirt reto crack. Very and deep checks able to repaint due carbonate lead. tention. Dark heavy dirt reand cracks. Very to deep checks and gray color. tention. Dark heavy dirt retencracks and the regray color. thin. Dark gray tained dirt.

co or.

Catalytically refined C o a tin g 0 K. No change do No change Coating has eroded Coating superior to soybean oil and 95+ Clean. White. an d s urf a c e above In that the basic carbonate lead checked moderchecks are on the with 5% calcium ately. surface and that it oxide. is clean. Excellent for repainting.

Catalytically refined do .do .do Coating has light Coatlnghaseroded Do.

' soybean oil and surface checking. an d s u r f a c e 90% basic carbonate checked considlead with 10% calerably. cium oxide.

weight to weight of oil vehicle being in the range of about 15 :5 to about 15 :6.5.

3. The composition of claim 2 in which the oil vehicle is alkali refined soybean oil.

4. The composition of claim 2 in which the oil vehicle is mechanically refined soybean oil.

ARTHUR. J. LEWIS. HELEN A. MOSER. JOHN c. COWAN.

References on following page) Number Name Date E R 1'1 R FE ENCES 0 2,353,623 Burr Sept. 19, 1944 The fol1owing references are of record 1n the 2,406,337 Amer 277, 1946 e. 0H1! Patent i Lewis et a1. Jan. 17, 1950 7 l ,UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 OTHER REFERENCES Number Name 1 Date Uses and Ap 7. plrcatlons of Chemmals and 1974364 P Sept 1913 Related Materials, Gregory, v01. 1, page 141, 13771425 Kmg et Sept 3 under Calcium Oxide; Paint and Varnish,. 1,314,301 Applegreen 261 1 19 w Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1939.

Parr Dec. 6, 1932 

1.A PAINT COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF NORMAL SOYBEAN OIL AS THE PRINCIPAL OIL VEHICLE, CALCIUM OXIDE BASIC CARBONATE OF WHITE LEAD, AND A DRIER, THE CALCIUM OXIDE BEING PRESENT IN AN AMOUNT WITHIN THE RANGE OF 4 TO 10 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL WEIGHT TO CALCIUM OXIDE AND BASIC CARBONATE OF WHITE LEAD, THE RATIO OF SAID TOTAL WEIGHT TO WEIGHT OF OIL VEHICLE BEING ABOUT 3:1. 